Everything has it's origin either it is material thing or Human being or nature. i.e Water is just a water either it comes from ocean or from river, in the same way Human is just a Human either male or female. Only the difference is a different types of that particular thing. so poetry, short stories, novels are ultimately the Literature, the only difference is it,s form or matrix in which it is being shaped. Such critics has tries to prove that literature is just a literature or literature comes from Literature, it means one literature always comes from any other literature and that is called the oneness of literature.
According to T.S Eliot,
"what happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art which preceded it. The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the introduction of the new (the really new) work of art among them. The existing order is complete before the new work arrives; for order to persist after the supervention of novelty, the whole existing order must be, if ever so slightly, altered; and so the relations, proportions, values of each work of art toward the whole are readjusted; and this is conformity between the old and the new.”
According to Northrop Frye,
"Every organized body of knowledge can be learned progressively; and experience shows that there is also something progressive about the learning of literature.He developed theory of Archetypal criticism based on the idea that whole of the literature has oneness of its existence. All literature shares common DNA or skeleton".
Now let us compare some lines from 'Wasteland' by T.S Eliot and Short story 'A Joke' by Anton Chekhov
And when we were children, staying at the archduke's, My cousin's, he took me out on a sled, And I was frightened. He said, Marie, Marie, hold on tight. And down we went. In the mountains, there you feel free.
These lines indicates very deep meaning, this shows the superiority of man upon the Woman. She is frightened to do coasting but her cousin helps her to get rid of that fear. and sexual perversion is also there in this poem.
Now, in the short story 'A Joke' by Anton Chekhov is also the same kind of story, difference is just in their names. Eliot's 'Wasteland' concerns with the sexual perversion but this is story seems to have the theme of love as there is nothing which indicate the sensuality or sexuality in it. In the short story the nature like snow, wind etc. plays a vital role.
So, observing the poem as well as short story we can say that the matrix in which both lies is same, the theme are just different. so it clearly indicates the oneness of literature where story goes on in a same way but though meaning of both different.
1. How can you explain that 'what' Virginia Woolf wanted to say (for example, the complexity of human relationship, the everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with near and dear ones, the struggle of a female artist against the values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in the way she has said? (Key: The 'How' of the narrative technique is to be discussed along with features of Stream of Consciousness technique which helps Woolf to put in effective manner what she experienced in abstractions.)
There are other techniques also through which, one can explain
all the thing what Virginia Woolf wanted to say, but the technique of Stream of
Consciousness seems the best to explain as the whole novel is highly
psychological where the complexity of relationships as well as the problems in
day to day life with near relations due to such circumstances are being tried
to explore by the author. i.e the relations between Mr. Ramsay and his son
James is not looking good from the side of James the even James have an anger
(inside) towards his father that even he wants to kill him just denial of Mr.
Ramsay to visit the lighthouse, but it can be consider as his immaturity, but as he shown grew up in the third part 3 (The
Lighthouse), his thinking also becomes mature towards his father, he has a
respect towards him. Now all this feelings of anger as well as respect of James
expressed through Virginia Woolf with the help of Stream of Consciousness, and
this is the real success of an
author that she able to make us understood what is the Psyche of James by
exploring the dark as well as bright psychological condition of James.
Yes I agree that the novel is both the tribute and critique Mrs Ramsay. Firstly The definition of an ideal woman given in above link is itself problematic in contemporary times, as every person wants the liberality in his/her life, they don't want to be confines in the control of any institution (But anyhow, they have to be) so the idea of an ideal Women according to Indian mythology given in above link says that a wife must be a good loyal worker just like a maid; a good adviser like a minister of King’s court; a caretaker like a mother; Romantic like Rambha, in bed room; a pardoner just like a goddess of earth; a beautiful like Lakshmi, the goddess of leaning and wife of Brahma; and perfect duty minded one. Now, all the characteristics indicates that a wife must be doing something for others not for herself like she must be a caretaker like a mother who can take cares of of her husband or children, romantic like a Rambha who would satisfy the need of man. in this idea of Women we can't find the free space for a women as the responsibilities has been already give as a boss gives to their paid employs. so we can say that novel is critique of Mrs Ramsay as she seems a traditional housewife whose duty is please other people surrounded by her. I think the tragedy of a traditional Women in modern times has been shown in the delighted character of Mrs Ramsay through the perspective of Lily Briscoe and her painting. In painting Mrs R. is knitting and guiding a child which shows the characteristics ideal housewife. on the other side, the novel is also the tribute to Mrs R. as the unfinished desire to provide cloths, first aid, newspaper (necessity of all an entire human being) to far living people to the lighthouse being fulfilled by her family members, especially by Mr. Ramsay. I this the novel is more critique rather tribute to Mrs Ramsay as it is nowhere indicated or said in the novel that the visit to the Lighthouse is in the memory of Mrs. Ramsay, but it has been tried to convey in more philosophical way.
3. Considering symbolically, does the Lighthouse stand for Mrs. Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia Woolf herself who is categorically represented by Lily)? (Key: Take help from the presentation on Symbolism to connect Mrs. Caroline Ramsay with Lighthouse. Secondly, the narrator / author cannot fully disappear from the novel and thus the stoicism of Lily to paint and thus prove that she can paint, is symbolically presented in stoicism of Lighthouse. Read 'lighthouse' symbol from presentation slide with this insight to connect lighthouse with the narrator. Give your concluding remarks in the comment below in this blog )
Mrs. Ramsay can be seen as the lighthouse as the symbol of lighthouse is consider as the strong pillar which bears the pounce from the sea, which is stood in between of the sea and not only suffering from the sea but also shows the way to the wandered people. In the same manner Mrs. Ramsay is also tries to please all the people all the time and still remains objective and having very kind nature.
Lily can be also called the lighthouse because throughout the novel she is being irritated by the Tensely(Patriarchy) by such statements like "Women can't write or paint" as the lighthouse also has to suffer many storms into the sea. but ultimately at the last she proves herself by completing her painting that whatever Tensely (society) says about her (Modern Women) she is free from all the stereotypes. 4. How do you interpret the last line of the novel (It was done; it was finished.Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision.) with reference to the ending of the film (After the final stroke on the canvass with finishing touch, Lily walks inside the house. As she goes ante-chamber, the light and dark shade makes his face play hide-and-seek. She climbs stairs, puts her brush aside, walks through the dark and light to enter her room. Gently closes the door - speaks: "Closed doors, open windows" - lies on the bed and with some sort of satisfaction utters: "Dearest Briscoe, you are a fool".) Yes, the last line of the novel (Yes, she thought...........I have had my vision) suggests two things. one is that painting is now completed and another is that she proved herself as an independent women in the modern times just by complete the paint. she does not just paint a picture but that picture is of Mrs. Ramsay, by that painting she would tries to prove that she is not like Mrs. Ramsay who was busy in house keeping which clearly indicate in her painting.
This blog is a part of our Pre Thinking Activity given by Dr Jay Mehta.
01. Recollect a moment of your life when you were at the height of ferocity (anger) on someone with/without some specific reason. What did you feel like speaking to or doing with that person?
Ans Once my mobile was stolen from my Active's dickey, I had filed a complaint and ultimately mobile was found also by the Police Department. But when I claimed to bring back that mobile, I had to go police station again and again for many paper works and processes even though the mobile was mine. At that time my anger was at the extreme height as it was just waste of time, there is one policeman who is not doing his duty properly, who is irresponsible and because of whom, I had to waste my time without any reason even to the thing that is mine. At that very moment I came to understand why people having hesitate of court and police station in India.
02. Have you ever felt tremendous drive to hit or murder someone? When? Why? How? Elucidate.
Ans No, I never felt that kind of anger that I would kill someone.
03. Have you ever felt like committing suicide? Was it just a passing thought or you were serious? What propelled you to think so? Describe your experience (although momentary) of suicidal tendency.
Ans-No, I never felt or even thought to commit suicide.
04. Write about the scariest of your dreams. Have you ever cried or screamed by a bizarre and horrible nightmare? Elaborate.
Ans- Anyhow I have an extreme fear of snakes and many times I got the horrible dreams of snakes where I find myself bedraggled by lots of snakes and usually I wake up by that kind of dreams. But I never cried or screamed because of scary dreams or nightmares.
05. Do you believe in ghosts? Have you ever undergone any experience of supernatural elements? Explain.
Ans- There is some supernatural powers/negative powers existed in the world that is usually refers as ghosts, Jinn, and many more. If here, ghosts means some nagative power, I completely believe in ghosts.
A movie, 'The Modern Times' is 1936's Socio-Political Satire written, produced and directed by Charlie Chaplin.
Title
Title, 'The Modern Times' is very apt and important regarding movie context. Title shows the pride of modernity in itself, it suggesting the modern time/modern culture, modern things, somehow it suggests a human being that there is no space for whom who can't make a synchronization with modern time. So, here our character, Charlie (A Factory Worker) becomes a kind of victim of modern time because he can't able to do a concordance with modernity (Industrialization).
Situation of poor
Movie shows us that poor people controlled by the factory owner as the employment in their factories is poor' essential need. There is one scene in the movie where Charlie (Factory Worker/poor) used to do an experiment of food feeding machine, here we can find that for the wealthy people, poor are just a kind of objective/thing to do an an experiments.
Machines overpower Human Being.
The main theme of the movie is itself related to an industrialization, a scene in the movie where Charlie swallowed by the machine and other scene shows that Charlie's boss entangled in machine though it is a surreal, but it symbolizes that at what extent machinery controlling the whole race of Human Being and not just the poor people becomes the puppet of machines but the wealthy and authorized can also be one of them. Because of the industries many changes occurred like an increased unemployment and the death of craftsmanship.
The Last Scene.
Last scene of movie is very apt because it represents nature over machinery. It indicate that ultimately only and only nature can make a person delighted. At last the natural tendency of human being becomes superior on industrialization as it seems that Charlie and his friend Gemin get out into the lap of nature from the society and machines.
There is an apt criticism on the people who are dishonest in their job like Harry, Matilda's father and Trunchbull, a principal. Somehow that kind of people are the people who can be come under the catagory of Philistine becauae they are somehow midium class people who have the intense desire to be a wealthy into society. These people only thinks about their benifits only, they do not care for the good of society.
Hatred towards Girl Child
In this movie, there are many scenes where we can find that towards a Boy Child both, mother as well as father are much carefull but towards Matilda their tandency are seen different and awkward.
Genius shown through the supernatural powers.
Here we can find that talent of Matilda is shown as a kind of supernatural powers.
We always like to
listen a good songs, with good rhyming, beautiful words, soulful voice of
singers. But if we knows the complete meaning of any song, it could add more
delight in your listening.
Here I am going
to give the meaning of the song बिन्त-ए-दिलsung by Arjit singh in Padmavat movie of Sanjay Leela Bhansali.
Background of the Song.
येगीत अलाउद्दिन खिलजीकोमुखातिब(Address to)करकेलिखागयाहै, जोएकतरहकामशवरा(Advice)याहिदायत(Instruction) कहसक्तेहैखिलजीकोमलिककफूर( He was a
prominent eunuch slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji.)कीतरफसे.अलाउदिनकेलियेयेमशवराहैकेअपनीउसमाशूकाकाखयालअपनेज़हेन(Mind)सेकुछवख्तकेलियेहीसहीमगरनिकालदेजोकाफीदूरहै, नाहीसिर्फजिस्मानीतौरपरलेकीनउनकेखयालोमेभी, उसकाखयालनिकालदे(कुछवख्तकेलिये)जिनकादिदारभीअभीतकउन्हेनसीबनहीहोपायाहै, औरउसकीसोहबत(Accompany)कालुत्फ(Enjoy)उठायेजोअभीउनकेपासहै.
Meaning of the Song
"बिन्त-ए-दिल"
(Song)
"बिन्त-ए-दिल मिसरियां में"
बिन्त: Girl
बिन्त-ए-दिल: The heart of a girl
मिसरियांं: Egypt
This is a metaphorical
line, two meanings can be derived from this line.
1.बिन्त-ए-दिल मिसरियां में
लडकी का दिल मिस्र(Egypt)में है.(The girl's heart is in
Egypt).
Meaning (First)
1.इससे शायद ये कहेने की कोशिश की गइहैके एक लडकी है जिसका दिल
मिस्र में है, मतलब वो लडकी अकेलापन महेसूस कर रही जैसे कोइ इन्सान तपते हुए मिस्र
के रेगिस्तान में, गर्म हवाओं में बिखरी हुइ
रेत में, जहां पर हर तरफ एक जैसा ही मंजर है जो कीसी भी राही की राहो को
धुंधला बना कर रख देती है, पानी की प्यास लबों को सुखा
बना देती है, सुखे रेगिस्तान की तन्हाइ किसी को भी अकेला बना देती है ठीक उसी तरह
कवि कीसी लडकी को मुखातिब कर के कह रहे है के उसका वजूद तो मेरे सामने है
(यांनी सब लोगो के बिछ मै है) मगर फिर भी वो अकेलापन महेसूस कर रही है, जैसे उसका दिल कही मिस्र में हो.
Meaning (Second)
2. इसका दुसरा मतलब ये निकाला जा सक्ता है के एक लडकी है जो मिस्र की
खूबसुरत लडकीयों के तरह दिखती है, जिसकी खूबसुरती बेजान दिल
को भी धडकने पर मजबुर कर सक्ति है.
(A question can be raised
in our mind that for a beauty, why poet took reference to the beautiful girls
only from Egypt, not other country? reason would be that Malik Kafur might
belong to the Egypt, and as this song is sung by Malik Kafur in the movie, the
reference to the Egypt taken by A.M Turaz (Lyricist of this song) would be the
native place of Malik Kafur.)
"पेश है कुल शबाब खिदमत-ए आली जनाब
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से जल उठेगा
आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब"
कुल: तमाम, सब (Entire, whole)
शबाब: जवानी (Youth)
आतिश: आग, अग्नी (Fire)
कदा: जगह
आतिश कदा: Fire place (वह जगह जहां पर पूजा की आग रहेती है)
दिदा-ए-तर: गिली आंखे (Wet eyes)
हिजाब: पर्दा (Veil)
पेश है कुल शबाब खिदमत-ए आली जनाब:
सभी लोग/उनकी जवानी आपकी खिदमत में हाजिर है जनाब.
Meaning (First)
1.खिलजी को मुखातिब करके लिखी गइ ये लाइन है, जिसका मतलब ये है के, सभी लोग
(खिलजी की सल्तनत की अवाम [लोग, People])उनकी जिन्दगी के बहेतरीन
दोर में यानी की उनकी जवानी में उनकी खिदमत (Service) में हाजिर है. खिलजी के लिये उनके लोग अपने जवानी भी कुरबान करने को
तैयार है.
Meaning (Second)
2.इसका दूसरा मतलब ये है की खिलजी के लिये उनके मुलाज़िम अपनी
औरत/औरतोंं (As शबाब word often use for a young lady/girl in many Bollywood
movies as well as songs) को भी उनकी खिदमत में लगाने
के लिये राजी है.
(It is a kind suggestion
for Khilji not to go for the lady/beauty whom he has not yet seen
once/Padmavati. It suggest to not go elsewhere rather enjoy the service of
their own people in the prime of their life.)
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से जल उठेगा
आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब
Here is also two meanings
can be got from this lines.
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से
सुलगती अदाओंं से
Meaning (First)
1. इसका एक मतलब ये निकाला जा सक्ता है के यहां कफूर खुबसूरती की तारिफ
करते हुए कह रहे है के यहां की हसीन लडकीयों की खुबसूरती इतनी नूरानी और रौशनदार
है जिसकी चमक से ये किसी भी चीज को जला सक्ती है./किसीको भी अपनी रौशनी से मदहोश
कर सक्ती है.
Meaning (Second)
2. इसका दुसरा मतलब ये हो सक्ता है के कफूर खिलजी को इत्तिलाह (Warn) करना चाहते है के पद्मावती ना ही बेहद खुबसूरत है बल्के इतनी मुकद्दस
(पाक, Holy) है के उनकी नूरानियत से वो किसीको भी जला के खाक कर सक्ती है. (Here poet would have been
portrayed the power of Suryavanshi's through the metaphor beauty of Padmavati.
may be that's why Kafur tries to prevent Khilaji from going for Padmavati and enjoy the)
जल उठेगा आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब.
आपकी गिली आंखो का पर्दा जल उठेगा.
Meaning (First)
यहां की औरतो की खुबसूरती की तेज रौशनी से आपकी आंखो का पर्दा जो की
पद्मावती का दिदार पाने को बेचैन है, जो पर्दा
गम के आंसूओ से लबालब है वो जल उठेगा और आप अपने गम भूलके एक अलग ही रूहानी अहेसास
को महेसूस कर पाएंगे, सिर्फ आप एक निगाह डालिये
तो सही इस खुबसूरती पर.
Meaning (Second)
दुसरा मतलब ये हो सक्ता है के पद्मावती की खुबसूरती (The power of
Suryavanshi's) इतनी तेज हो के अपनी सल्तनत
के सबसे बूलंद होने पर उनकी आंखे जो खुशी से नम हुइ है वो जल जाएगा (A metaphorical meaning
can be derived that Suryavanshis could melt the arrogance of Khilji with the
fire of their power and their bravery, they can melt the whole empire of
Khilji)
(In
both the lines the first meaning would be more applicable rather the the second
one).
मयकश लबों पे आने लगी है प्यासी कुर्बते हैरत-जदा ठिकाने लगी है सारी फुरकतें मयकश: शराब पीने वाला (Drinker) कुर्बत: नजदिकी, निकटता (Closeness, Nearness) हैरत-जदा: आश्चर्य चकित (Amazed, Surprised) फुरकत: जुदाइ, वियोग (Separation) मयकश लबों पे आने लगी है प्यासी कुर्बते.
प्यासी नजदिकीया मयकश लबों (होठ, Lips) पर आने लगी है Meaning. मयकश लब, जो हरदम शराब में डुबे रहेते है उन लबों पर प्यास की मुश्किलात नजर आ रही है, जो अब थोडे सुखे (प्यासे) लग रहे है. उसे लग रहा है के वो प्यास बस अब बुजने ही वाली है, यानी के उसकी प्रेमिका उससे बेहद करीब है, उससे उतनी नजदिक है के उसे अब अपने लबों की प्यास बुजाने के लिये शराब (मय) की जरूरत नही है, उसकी महेबूबा के लबों से उसके प्यासे लबों की प्यास बस बुजने ही वाली है. हैरत-जदा ठिकाने लगी है सारी फुरकतें.
ताज्जुब (Surprised) होकर जुदाइ ठिकाने लगी है. Meaning.
जो जुदाइ का अहेसाह (Feeling) था उसके लबों पर वो सब इतनी नजदिकीया देखकर, हैरत-जदा होकर अब दूर हो चुका है (ठिकाने लगे है), जो फासला था वो अब नही रहा है उन दोनो के दरमियान. आरिजो पे मेरे लिख जरा रिफ'अते चाहतों का सिला. आरिज: 1.रुख्सार, गाल (Cheeks) 2. Something or someone who tries to stop you. रिफ'अत: खुश (Joyous) सिला: (Reward) आरिजो पे मेरे लिख जरा रिफ'अते चाहतों का सिला.
मेरे गालों पर लिख जरा खुशियों और चाहतो का सिला Meaning (First) जब में उनकी महोब्बत में था तो में उसके इश्क की गहेराइ, उसका क्या मंजर था, हमारी महोब्बत कितनी शानदार थी, उन सबका सिला तु मेरे गालो पे लिख जरा. Meaning. (Second) (here the word आरिज means something or someone tries to stop you) मेरे दुश्मनो पर, मुजे इश्क में जो फतेह हासिल हुइ/होगी उसके बारे मे लिखना. जो लोग मुजे रोकते थे या मुजसे जलते थे उन लोगो पर मेरी महोब्बत को लेकर कहांंनियांं लिखना. (Here, second meaning is seems more fair then the first).
What do you understand by 'Deconstruction'? First of all Deconstruction is really a bit difficult to understand, and one reason is that Derrida does not define the Deconstruction. First of all he asks that question that is it possible to define anything once and for all? Or at what extent can we define something? So he denies to define deconstruction. Derrida’s position is more philosophical than real. He proves theoretically, not practically. First of all Deconstruction is not a destructive activity, but it is an inquiry into the foundations of every thing. Deconstructionist critics goes deep into the foundation of text and then they try to subvert , undermine it. Derrida says that every text contains element which can deconstruct itself. Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point. Here I would like give an example of advertisements of beauty supplements, as ad always shows us the that one person become fairer skin by using particular skin cream, but is there any real incident where we can find that kind of results? obviously no and though we regularly using such supplements.
