A movie, 'The Modern Times' is 1936's Socio-Political Satire written, produced and directed by Charlie Chaplin.
Title
Title, 'The Modern Times' is very apt and important regarding movie context. Title shows the pride of modernity in itself, it suggesting the modern time/modern culture, modern things, somehow it suggests a human being that there is no space for whom who can't make a synchronization with modern time. So, here our character, Charlie (A Factory Worker) becomes a kind of victim of modern time because he can't able to do a concordance with modernity (Industrialization).
Situation of poor
Movie shows us that poor people controlled by the factory owner as the employment in their factories is poor' essential need. There is one scene in the movie where Charlie (Factory Worker/poor) used to do an experiment of food feeding machine, here we can find that for the wealthy people, poor are just a kind of objective/thing to do an an experiments.
Machines overpower Human Being.
The main theme of the movie is itself related to an industrialization, a scene in the movie where Charlie swallowed by the machine and other scene shows that Charlie's boss entangled in machine though it is a surreal, but it symbolizes that at what extent machinery controlling the whole race of Human Being and not just the poor people becomes the puppet of machines but the wealthy and authorized can also be one of them. Because of the industries many changes occurred like an increased unemployment and the death of craftsmanship.
The Last Scene.
Last scene of movie is very apt because it represents nature over machinery. It indicate that ultimately only and only nature can make a person delighted. At last the natural tendency of human being becomes superior on industrialization as it seems that Charlie and his friend Gemin get out into the lap of nature from the society and machines.
There is an apt criticism on the people who are dishonest in their job like Harry, Matilda's father and Trunchbull, a principal. Somehow that kind of people are the people who can be come under the catagory of Philistine becauae they are somehow midium class people who have the intense desire to be a wealthy into society. These people only thinks about their benifits only, they do not care for the good of society.
Hatred towards Girl Child
In this movie, there are many scenes where we can find that towards a Boy Child both, mother as well as father are much carefull but towards Matilda their tandency are seen different and awkward.
Genius shown through the supernatural powers.
Here we can find that talent of Matilda is shown as a kind of supernatural powers.
We always like to
listen a good songs, with good rhyming, beautiful words, soulful voice of
singers. But if we knows the complete meaning of any song, it could add more
delight in your listening.
Here I am going
to give the meaning of the song बिन्त-ए-दिलsung by Arjit singh in Padmavat movie of Sanjay Leela Bhansali.
Background of the Song.
येगीत अलाउद्दिन खिलजीकोमुखातिब(Address to)करकेलिखागयाहै, जोएकतरहकामशवरा(Advice)याहिदायत(Instruction) कहसक्तेहैखिलजीकोमलिककफूर( He was a
prominent eunuch slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji.)कीतरफसे.अलाउदिनकेलियेयेमशवराहैकेअपनीउसमाशूकाकाखयालअपनेज़हेन(Mind)सेकुछवख्तकेलियेहीसहीमगरनिकालदेजोकाफीदूरहै, नाहीसिर्फजिस्मानीतौरपरलेकीनउनकेखयालोमेभी, उसकाखयालनिकालदे(कुछवख्तकेलिये)जिनकादिदारभीअभीतकउन्हेनसीबनहीहोपायाहै, औरउसकीसोहबत(Accompany)कालुत्फ(Enjoy)उठायेजोअभीउनकेपासहै.
Meaning of the Song
"बिन्त-ए-दिल"
(Song)
"बिन्त-ए-दिल मिसरियां में"
बिन्त: Girl
बिन्त-ए-दिल: The heart of a girl
मिसरियांं: Egypt
This is a metaphorical
line, two meanings can be derived from this line.
1.बिन्त-ए-दिल मिसरियां में
लडकी का दिल मिस्र(Egypt)में है.(The girl's heart is in
Egypt).
Meaning (First)
1.इससे शायद ये कहेने की कोशिश की गइहैके एक लडकी है जिसका दिल
मिस्र में है, मतलब वो लडकी अकेलापन महेसूस कर रही जैसे कोइ इन्सान तपते हुए मिस्र
के रेगिस्तान में, गर्म हवाओं में बिखरी हुइ
रेत में, जहां पर हर तरफ एक जैसा ही मंजर है जो कीसी भी राही की राहो को
धुंधला बना कर रख देती है, पानी की प्यास लबों को सुखा
बना देती है, सुखे रेगिस्तान की तन्हाइ किसी को भी अकेला बना देती है ठीक उसी तरह
कवि कीसी लडकी को मुखातिब कर के कह रहे है के उसका वजूद तो मेरे सामने है
(यांनी सब लोगो के बिछ मै है) मगर फिर भी वो अकेलापन महेसूस कर रही है, जैसे उसका दिल कही मिस्र में हो.
Meaning (Second)
2. इसका दुसरा मतलब ये निकाला जा सक्ता है के एक लडकी है जो मिस्र की
खूबसुरत लडकीयों के तरह दिखती है, जिसकी खूबसुरती बेजान दिल
को भी धडकने पर मजबुर कर सक्ति है.
(A question can be raised
in our mind that for a beauty, why poet took reference to the beautiful girls
only from Egypt, not other country? reason would be that Malik Kafur might
belong to the Egypt, and as this song is sung by Malik Kafur in the movie, the
reference to the Egypt taken by A.M Turaz (Lyricist of this song) would be the
native place of Malik Kafur.)
"पेश है कुल शबाब खिदमत-ए आली जनाब
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से जल उठेगा
आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब"
कुल: तमाम, सब (Entire, whole)
शबाब: जवानी (Youth)
आतिश: आग, अग्नी (Fire)
कदा: जगह
आतिश कदा: Fire place (वह जगह जहां पर पूजा की आग रहेती है)
दिदा-ए-तर: गिली आंखे (Wet eyes)
हिजाब: पर्दा (Veil)
पेश है कुल शबाब खिदमत-ए आली जनाब:
सभी लोग/उनकी जवानी आपकी खिदमत में हाजिर है जनाब.
Meaning (First)
1.खिलजी को मुखातिब करके लिखी गइ ये लाइन है, जिसका मतलब ये है के, सभी लोग
(खिलजी की सल्तनत की अवाम [लोग, People])उनकी जिन्दगी के बहेतरीन
दोर में यानी की उनकी जवानी में उनकी खिदमत (Service) में हाजिर है. खिलजी के लिये उनके लोग अपने जवानी भी कुरबान करने को
तैयार है.
Meaning (Second)
2.इसका दूसरा मतलब ये है की खिलजी के लिये उनके मुलाज़िम अपनी
औरत/औरतोंं (As शबाब word often use for a young lady/girl in many Bollywood
movies as well as songs) को भी उनकी खिदमत में लगाने
के लिये राजी है.
(It is a kind suggestion
for Khilji not to go for the lady/beauty whom he has not yet seen
once/Padmavati. It suggest to not go elsewhere rather enjoy the service of
their own people in the prime of their life.)
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से जल उठेगा
आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब
Here is also two meanings
can be got from this lines.
आतिश-कदा अदाओं से
सुलगती अदाओंं से
Meaning (First)
1. इसका एक मतलब ये निकाला जा सक्ता है के यहां कफूर खुबसूरती की तारिफ
करते हुए कह रहे है के यहां की हसीन लडकीयों की खुबसूरती इतनी नूरानी और रौशनदार
है जिसकी चमक से ये किसी भी चीज को जला सक्ती है./किसीको भी अपनी रौशनी से मदहोश
कर सक्ती है.
Meaning (Second)
2. इसका दुसरा मतलब ये हो सक्ता है के कफूर खिलजी को इत्तिलाह (Warn) करना चाहते है के पद्मावती ना ही बेहद खुबसूरत है बल्के इतनी मुकद्दस
(पाक, Holy) है के उनकी नूरानियत से वो किसीको भी जला के खाक कर सक्ती है. (Here poet would have been
portrayed the power of Suryavanshi's through the metaphor beauty of Padmavati.
may be that's why Kafur tries to prevent Khilaji from going for Padmavati and enjoy the)
जल उठेगा आपके दिदा-ए-तर का हिजाब.
आपकी गिली आंखो का पर्दा जल उठेगा.
Meaning (First)
यहां की औरतो की खुबसूरती की तेज रौशनी से आपकी आंखो का पर्दा जो की
पद्मावती का दिदार पाने को बेचैन है, जो पर्दा
गम के आंसूओ से लबालब है वो जल उठेगा और आप अपने गम भूलके एक अलग ही रूहानी अहेसास
को महेसूस कर पाएंगे, सिर्फ आप एक निगाह डालिये
तो सही इस खुबसूरती पर.
Meaning (Second)
दुसरा मतलब ये हो सक्ता है के पद्मावती की खुबसूरती (The power of
Suryavanshi's) इतनी तेज हो के अपनी सल्तनत
के सबसे बूलंद होने पर उनकी आंखे जो खुशी से नम हुइ है वो जल जाएगा (A metaphorical meaning
can be derived that Suryavanshis could melt the arrogance of Khilji with the
fire of their power and their bravery, they can melt the whole empire of
Khilji)
(In
both the lines the first meaning would be more applicable rather the the second
one).
मयकश लबों पे आने लगी है प्यासी कुर्बते हैरत-जदा ठिकाने लगी है सारी फुरकतें मयकश: शराब पीने वाला (Drinker) कुर्बत: नजदिकी, निकटता (Closeness, Nearness) हैरत-जदा: आश्चर्य चकित (Amazed, Surprised) फुरकत: जुदाइ, वियोग (Separation) मयकश लबों पे आने लगी है प्यासी कुर्बते.
प्यासी नजदिकीया मयकश लबों (होठ, Lips) पर आने लगी है Meaning. मयकश लब, जो हरदम शराब में डुबे रहेते है उन लबों पर प्यास की मुश्किलात नजर आ रही है, जो अब थोडे सुखे (प्यासे) लग रहे है. उसे लग रहा है के वो प्यास बस अब बुजने ही वाली है, यानी के उसकी प्रेमिका उससे बेहद करीब है, उससे उतनी नजदिक है के उसे अब अपने लबों की प्यास बुजाने के लिये शराब (मय) की जरूरत नही है, उसकी महेबूबा के लबों से उसके प्यासे लबों की प्यास बस बुजने ही वाली है. हैरत-जदा ठिकाने लगी है सारी फुरकतें.
ताज्जुब (Surprised) होकर जुदाइ ठिकाने लगी है. Meaning.
जो जुदाइ का अहेसाह (Feeling) था उसके लबों पर वो सब इतनी नजदिकीया देखकर, हैरत-जदा होकर अब दूर हो चुका है (ठिकाने लगे है), जो फासला था वो अब नही रहा है उन दोनो के दरमियान. आरिजो पे मेरे लिख जरा रिफ'अते चाहतों का सिला. आरिज: 1.रुख्सार, गाल (Cheeks) 2. Something or someone who tries to stop you. रिफ'अत: खुश (Joyous) सिला: (Reward) आरिजो पे मेरे लिख जरा रिफ'अते चाहतों का सिला.
मेरे गालों पर लिख जरा खुशियों और चाहतो का सिला Meaning (First) जब में उनकी महोब्बत में था तो में उसके इश्क की गहेराइ, उसका क्या मंजर था, हमारी महोब्बत कितनी शानदार थी, उन सबका सिला तु मेरे गालो पे लिख जरा. Meaning. (Second) (here the word आरिज means something or someone tries to stop you) मेरे दुश्मनो पर, मुजे इश्क में जो फतेह हासिल हुइ/होगी उसके बारे मे लिखना. जो लोग मुजे रोकते थे या मुजसे जलते थे उन लोगो पर मेरी महोब्बत को लेकर कहांंनियांं लिखना. (Here, second meaning is seems more fair then the first).
What do you understand by 'Deconstruction'? First of all Deconstruction is really a bit difficult to understand, and one reason is that Derrida does not define the Deconstruction. First of all he asks that question that is it possible to define anything once and for all? Or at what extent can we define something? So he denies to define deconstruction. Derrida’s position is more philosophical than real. He proves theoretically, not practically. First of all Deconstruction is not a destructive activity, but it is an inquiry into the foundations of every thing. Deconstructionist critics goes deep into the foundation of text and then they try to subvert , undermine it. Derrida says that every text contains element which can deconstruct itself. Read an ad or TV serial or Film or literary text as post-structuralist critic. Be brief, precise and to the point. Here I would like give an example of advertisements of beauty supplements, as ad always shows us the that one person become fairer skin by using particular skin cream, but is there any real incident where we can find that kind of results? obviously no and though we regularly using such supplements.
Being a structuralist critic, how would you analyse literary text or TV serial or Film? You can select any image or TV serial or film or literary text or advertisement. Apply structuralist method and post your write up on your blog. Give link of that blog-post in the comment section under this blog.
What is Structuralism.
In literary theory, Structuralism is an approach to analyzing the narrative material by examining the underlying invariant structure .There are many Structuralist critics like Ferdinand Saussure, Gerard Genette, Roland Barthes, Claude Levi-Strauss etc. Structuralist critics found basic common structure in every work. As all the human beings have a same structure from inside, similarly literature has basic structure and it is same everywhere whether it movies, TV serials or advertisement etc.
In my opinion various structures could be find behind particular genres of literature and movies such as love story, revenge story, comedy.
Revenge.
In any kind of revenge stories either in books or in movies there are different stories, scenario but the structure of that story would always remain same.
Examples
Badlapur
Sholey
Zanjeer
Kabil
and many more movies in which we can find same structure of revenge that somehow antagonist kill/hurt protagonist's relative and then protagonist take revenge to antagonist.
Love Story
examples
Devdas
Massan
2 states
In India there are many kind of conflict like class conflict between upper class and lower/poor class people, religion conflict, culture conflict and that is what the structure of Indian Bollywood cinema in the genre of love story. there would always one boy/girl belongs to a wealthy family and fall in love with a boy/girl who belongs to a poor family. and other is that the group/culture/conflict of boy and girl remain different, so their relatives oppose this love and story ends either with their Death or their happy marriage life.
What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?
Archetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths and archetypes in the narrative, symbols, images, and character types in literary work. Northrop Frye's concept of Archetypal Criticism.
Frye says that fry is try to defined that archetypal literature was to connect conscious and unconscious thinking way of idea of literature. collective unconscious in which all of history of human experience in continued and to which we all have access through our ‘subconscious minds’ What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?
Frye has given the idea of Archetypal Criticism in very unique and different way by comparing the human emotions to to the different seasons.
1. Spring
He denotes spring to comedy because comedy is a birth, reveal and recognition for hero and Spring season is also a kind of birth of a new season.
2. Summer
He compare summer to the romance because in summer we can see culmination of life and in romance we can see sort of triumph, usually in the form of marriage.
3. Winter
Winter season denotes satire because of its darkness, like satire winter consider as a dark season for European people.
4.Automn
Autumn season denotes tragedy, as it reflects the dying stage of life, in this season all the leaves of the tree fallen down and tree becomes lifeless. Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy.
According to northrop Frye any kind of literature or work must be analyze on the basis of history, and direct jump to any conclusion us not a fair practice. Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
In this scene we saw lots of conversation between the diggers, they are even singing and mocking on Ophelia sin, whether she allowed to buried or not. the work of grave diggers becomes general, so they are not worried about death body.
Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.
The deductive method of analysis deals with the established meaning of work from the general truth to particular truth. So to explain deductive method of analysis here Frye illustrates Music and Painting and furthermore he also conveys that Music and Painting are general branch of literature while Rhythm is essential in both so
Music: Inductive method
Rhythm: Deductive method
Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation. Kesudani kaliye besi faganiyo laherayo Ke ayo faganiyo, ke ayo faganiyo… Rang bhari pichakari ude haiye harakh na mayo, Ke ayo faganiy, ke ayo faganiyo...
Here I am going to share my views about what is more harmful Lies, Fiction or Alternative Facts? lie and alternative fact can be included in Fiction. because Fiction is an imaginative story that becomes more interesting with the help of lie and alternative facts.
Lies and Alternative Facts
Lie is something that is not true and Alternative fact is something that is also not true but accepted as kind of truth in literature. for example Sun rise in the west is a pure lie but it is possible in literature because literature is just an imagination and in imagination everything can be possible. Both lie and alternative fact are however connected to each other, we can consider them as two sides of one coin. lies are shown in literature very shrewdly in the form of alternative fact, so, for a writer whatever he/she shows to the reader in his/her creation is lies for him/her but for the reader that becomes alternative facts. so we can say that both lies and alternative facts are interwoven to each other.
Example of lies and alternative facts.
A good examples of lies and alternative facts are the movies that are based on the real life incidents or someone's real life story and an Autobiography of any person such as films like Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story, autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru's autobiography etc. That kind of films and Autobiography are made as a lie but shown as an alternative facts.
How Lies and Alternative Facts are harmful?
As per my views both is harmful because we don't know that whatever being shown in movies or written in books are whether truth or lie and though we believe it as an alternative facts and by this way billions of people believe in that direction that shown in movie or in an Autobiography without hesitation or fact check. If any movie is based on someone's real life incident, we can not say that it is all true even if it is real life story because there is space for alternative facts in literature that can make us emotionally fool. for example the movie Mangal Pandey there are many changes has been done and many fictional material has been added to the movie to make it interesting. To see more differences about Mangal Pandey movie and his real life click here. we can also take an example of Azhar movie in which it is shown that he took a bribe but for explore the entire racket of match fixing but as a audience one can not judge even the fictional character of Mohammad Azharuddin then how to know about his real life or about the real incident of bribing. so, even the movie put the audience in the state of confusion that whether they should consider Azharuddin a match fixer or innocent person then how one come to about the reality. Salman Khan's hit and run case is also a kind of alternative fact for the people because if survey would be done on that, majority people will say that Salman Khan was guilty in spite of this fact everyone has to believe or accept Salman Khan as an innocent Man because lies about that case has been shown in the form of alternative fact through the judiciary of India though it is not a literature. I think one movie should be made on Salman Khan's hit and run case and I am sure it will be super hit movie. so, by this way lies are harmful because on the basis of films and Autobiography many people binds a notion about that person or that situation which might be completely opposite then their reality.
Fiction.
Fiction is a literary form that is based on imaginary events and people that means there is space for imagination, one can describe or show anything that is not possible in reality, it can be possible in fiction. however the Fiction is the representation of lies and alternative facts because whatever comes into the fiction that is not true. As per my views Ramyan, Holy Bible and Quran are all a kind of fiction because people does not know the truth behind that books whether the situation shown in that kind of books were there or not? or the characters shown in this books like Ram, Mohammad, or Jesus were really existed in this world or not? so, by this way we can consider this books and their all characters as a pure imagination.
Which is more harmful? lies and alternatives fact or Fiction?
often it is consider that lies are more harmful than the Fiction but in my point of view Fiction is more harmful than the lies or alternative facts seen in the literature. Lies in literature is something that is produced by someone it means that someone or many people in this world are there/alive/existed who are aware or know the truth about that lie. for example if any director or writer shows the lie or alternative fact in his/her movie or Autobiography that expresses the real incident or story of someone's life, it is obvious that he/she add some lie in that creation because if they will show the whole truth about them then there is always a fear of being happen which has been done with Nawazuddin Siddiqui on presenting the naked truth of his life in his Biography. It does't mean that by showing the lies, it will become truth because there is truth of that lie is hidden in this world somewhere in the form of person/s (Witness), letters, literature, reviews etc. No doubt many people can be lead towards wrong directions about such incidents or about some persons by lie or alternative fact but it is also possible that they can come to know about the reality after some period of time and for that one has to research reexamine the creation to find new aspects of that scenario like New Historicist. so, one can come to know about the truth of particular lies and 'Recognition' can be happen, but in the matter of Fiction there is the expression of pure imagination that is I think beyond the lies and alternative facts. In Fiction even the writer or movie director does not know about the truth whatever he/she showing to the audience and even though they strive hard to prove it right, and audience also believe it as a truth and also applying in their own life. For example the character of Ram, Krishna, Mohammad, or Jesus are not a real characters, they are fictional characters because there is powerful proof or witness about their existence and though people are believing in them firmly and even always ready to die in the name of Ram or Mohammad. so, in Fiction many books and movies becomes 'intermediaries' that affecting/influencing the life of billions of people. so, by this way we can say that Fiction is somehow and at some extent more harmful than the Lies and alternative facts in our literature.
